Floodplain beaver ponds are found in broader, flatter valleys where creeks, rivers, or streams meander across a wide floodplain. Formation of these ponds occurs when beavers dam the channels of moving water, resulting in larger, more expansive bodies of water. Floodplain beaver ponds can increase water levels in riparian zones and are often more permanent with deeper water. These water bodies support aquatic and terrestrial species because of their size and connectivity to surrounding ecosystems. 

Floodplain Beaver Pond

A beaver runnel is a small, water-filled channel trenched by beavers for foraging and to help control water levels in their habitat. Runnels tend to be formed in softer substrates that allow the beaver to dig to direct water.

Beaver runnel

A snag is a stand of dead or dying trees with a notable loss of leaves or needles. Snags serve as habitat and resources for a variety of wildlife, including birds, mammals, insects, and fungi. Tree decomposition provides cavities for nesting or shelter. Dead wood supports the "dead web," the detrivore food web of species that feed on decayed substances. Snags contribute to the nutrient cycle as they break down and release essential elements back into the soil system. 

Photosphere processing...